متن رو فارسی بخون،خلاصه اش کن بعد عبارت انگلیسی بیار بلدش بکن
It is a unilateral political act
عمل یک جانبه سیاسی
Whereby a state acknowledges an act or status
از طریق ان یک دولت یک عمل یا وضعیت کشور را تصدیق میکند
Constitutive and declaratory schools of thought
مکتب فکری تاسیسی واعلامی
Every state enjoys exclusive soverniety over the airspace above its territory.
هرکشوری از حق حاکمیت انحصاری بر فضای بالای سرزمین خود برخوردار است.
How has international law developed?
The earliest expressions of international law were the rules of war and diplomatic relations. During the Age of Discovery, rules on governing the acquisition of territory became more important and they talked about the principle of freedom of seas because this was necessary for the expansion of trade. International law therefore grew out of necessity. As international engagement increased, international law expanded. It was rooted in Western European traditions and values and this bias could be seen in its content. After the Second World War, states agreed that there had to be more international cooperation and the United Nations was created. Now, issues that used to be domestic became international.
حقوق بین الملل با افزایش تعاملات حقوق بین الملل توسعه پیدا کرد
بعد جنگ جهانی دوم همکاری دولت ها بایکدیگر بیشتر شد.
What is the nature of international law and what are its aspects?
One can question whether international law is actually law, but states have accepted it as such and refer to it in their constitutions.
Most of the time, states act in accordance to international law as well. Some people say international law is not effective, because it has failed to maintain international peace. They do not keep in mind that law cannot dictate the politics and behavior of states.
Also, international law cannot prevent its own violation, like municipal criminal law cannot prevent crimes.
International law is a means to handle a situation, like all other sorts of law. When international law breaks down, it is more the fault of the operators within the legal system than the fault of law. International law is effective on a day-to-day level, but these are only small accomplishments.
ماهیت حقوق بین الملل
برخی میگن حقوق بین الملل موثر نیست چون که نتونسته صلح جهانی رو نگه داره. حقوق نمی تواند سیاست و رفتار دولت ها را دیکته کند.
همچنین، حقوق بین الملل نمی تواند از نقض خودش جلوگیری کند،
حقوق بین الملل همانند سایر انواع حقوق، وسیله ای برای مدیریت یک موقعیت است. زمانی که
حقوق بین الملل نقض می شود، بیشتر تقصیر فعالیت کنندگان در نظام حقوقی است تا تقصیر
خود حقوق. حقوق بین الملل در سطح روزانه موثر است، اما این ها تنها دستاوردهای کوچکی
هستند.
